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1.0 

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Hiotogr^hic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


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CIHM/ICMH 

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□    Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurie  et/ou  pelEicul^e 


D 


D 
D 
D 
D 


n 


n 


Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


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Ce  document  est  filmd  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

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1 
1 

y 

) 

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e 

Stalls 
IS  du 
nodifjer 
ir  une 
llmage 


Th«  copy  filmed  her*  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
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L'exemplaire  filmA  fut  reproduit  grflce  A  la 
g6n*rosit*  de: 

Harold  Campbell  Vaughan  Memorial  Library 
Acadia  University 

Les  images  suivantes  ont  6tA  raproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  netteti  de  rexemplaire  filmA.  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmege. 


is 


Originel  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
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sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
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The  last  recorded  frame  on  eech  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  —^>  (meaning  "CON- 
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Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc..  may  be  filmed  at 
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right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  man"  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
pepier  est  imprimte  sont  fiimis  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration.  soit  par  le  second 
piat.  salon  le  cas.  Tous.les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmte  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  pege  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  dee  symboles  suivants  appara?tra  sur  la 
derniire  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  — »>  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc..  peuvent  Atre 
filmte  A  des  taux  de  rMuction  diff^rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  il  est  filmA  A  partir 
de  i'angle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas.  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n^cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustient  !a  mAthode. 


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14'  -  .■'",  ^a 


BISCOURSE 


OelirfMil  kr  rwiiMftof  tb«(iturif«»of  th« 


VETEMN  eiMtPjS  IN   TBI  WM  OF  1812, 


IN  TIfKCHUBCHCOKNKR  CANAL  AND  OREKME  BtW££T8, 


CITY  OF  Ni:3V-YORR,, 


ON    THE    FOURTH    OF    JULY,    lisK 


BT 


REV.  P.  J.  VAN  PELT,  P.  D. 


iii|iL»iii«rwwrm 


(  Late  Chaplaiti  of  the  Third  Military  Dittrfct,  U.  &  Army. ) 


'         Jt,' 


NEW-YORK: 

CA8PERC.  C»iLDS,  PRINTfiR.  1T«   PUtTON   STREET. 


1851 


..^ 


l^ttrrnii  €atp  ni  tlit  ttitir  of  1812,  '13,  null  'Iff. 


-•-••»>- 


"Head  Quarters,  51  William  Street, 
''New-York,  June  2lst,  1851. 

"The  Corps  will  assemble  on  the  Morning  of  the  4th  day  of  July  next' 
at  8  o'clock,  A.  M.,  precisely  at  the  Superior  Court  Room,  New  City  Hall, 
on  Chambers  Street,  (Head  Quarters  for  the  day,)  to  celebrate  the  Anni- 
versary of  our  National  Independence.  All  should  provide  themselves 
with  the  Cockade  adopted  by  the  Corps,  and  dress  of  dark  Coats  and 
white  Pantaloons,  as  far  as  may  be  convenient. 

"  Those  who  wish  to  parade  will  be  provided  with  Side  Arms  on  that 
morning.  At  9  o'clock,  a  Banner,  executed  by  a  young  lady,  will  be  pre- 
sented to  the  Corps  for  her  by  his  Honor  the  Mayor,  Ambrose  C  Kings- 
land. 

"Immediately  after  the  Review,  the  procession  will  be  formed  at  the 
Head  Quarters  of  the  day,  and  proceed  to  the  Church,  corner  of  Canal  and 
Greene  Streets,  where  the  Declaration  of  Independence  will  be  read  by 
Gilbert  S.  Nexsen,  Esq..  a  member  of  the  Corps,  and  subsequently,  an 
Oration  will  be  delivered  by  the  Rev.  Doct.  Peter  J.  Van  Pelt,  Chaplain  of 
the  Corps. 

"  The  Committee  of  Arrangement  for  the  Church,  are  William  Raynor, 
Captain,  J.  P.  Dieterich,  and  Captain  A.  W.  Jones.  The  Committee  on 
Refreshments  at  Head  Quarters  are  Captain  A.  Dally,  Jr.,  Lieut.  H.  E. 
Hoyt,  aud  Lieut.,  Wm.  H.  Miller,  who  will  Report  particulars  to  the  Com- 
mandant, and  continue  their  duties  until  regularly  discharged.  The 
Treasurer  will  use  all  diligence  in  promoting  the  collection  of  dues,  and 
on  the  morning  of  the  4th  be  prepared  to  receive  all  money  that  may  be 
offered. 

"  It  is  requested  by  the  Commandant  that  each  Officer  and  Member  of 
this  Corps  strive  to  increase  the  numbers  of  attendants  by  giving  all  pub- 
licity to  this  effort  to  celebrate  the  day  in  a  proper  and  becoming  manner, 
after  the  lapse  of  thirty-six  years  estrangement  from  each  other. 

"  By  order, 

"NICHOLAS  HAIGHT, 

"  Capt.  Abr'm  Dally,  Jr.,  Adft:'  Colonel.'' 


( "• ) 

Agreeable  to  the  before- written  Orders,  the  Corps  assembled  and,  shortly 
after  nine  his  Hono"-  the  Mayor  arrived,  accompanied  by  the  Ilev.  Dr- 
Spring  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  Van  Pelt,  and  took  their  seats  on  the  bench  of 
the  Superior  Court  Room,  Dr.  Spring  on  the  right,  and  Dr.  Van  Pelt  on  the 
left  of  the  Mayor.  The  Veterans  were  then  marched  into  the  room,  after 
which  the  banner  was  unfurled,  and  there  was  a  flourish  of  trumpets. 
The  ceremony  was  then  commenced  with  a  prayer  by  Dr.  Spring,  invok- 
ing the  Divine  blessing ;  after  which  the  Mayor  rose  and  spoke  as  follow  :— 

Gentlemen — It  is  with  pride,  I  can  a.ssure  you,  that  1 
am  invited  to  be  with  you  and,  most  of  all,  to  perform  the 
pleasing  duty  of  presenting  to  you  this  banner.  It  is  a 
tribute  most  justly  due  you.  Gentlemen,  from  whatsoever 
source  it  might  proceed,  you  will  all  no  doubt  agree  with 
me  that  it  is  from  the  highest,  noblest,  and  most  pure. — 
The  production  of  the  fair  fingers  prompted  by  the  warm 
and  patriotic  heart  of  a  soldier's  daughter.  On  this  ban- 
ner are  the  stripes  and  stars  of  our  national  Union ;  under 
its  graceful  folds,  freedom  and  protection  are  dispensed  to 
all,  unsurpassed  by  any  nation  upon  earth.  This  has  been 
achieved  and  secured  by  the  labors,  privation,  sacrifices, 
and  deaths  of  very  many  of  our  citizens  in  the  war  of  1776 
and  the  war  of  completion,  declared  June  the  18th,  1812, 
of  which  last,  yourselves  are  the  honored  survivors.  I 
might  recite  from  the  pages  of  histoiy,  circumstances  and 
events  which  are  to  mine  and  every  American  heart,  deeply 
interesting,  but  it  would,  I  think,  be  superfluous,  as  you  arc  . 
well  acqaintdd  with  diem :  in  many,  very  many  cases, 
were  you  participants  in  the  great  straggle  of  1812,  which 
secured  the  liberty  and  happiness  we  now  enjoy,  which 
was  commenced  and  contended  for  by  your  honored  pre- 
decessors in  the  war  of  1776.  Under  the  ensign  of  the 
stripes  and  stars,  and  with  the  reveille  of  the  soul-stirring 
drum  and  fife,  did  you  and  others  cheerfully  labor  to  form 
those  entrenchments  extending  from  Gowanas  Bay  to  the 
Navy  Yard,  at  Brooklyn,  and  on  this  island  from  Hurl  Gate, 
to^  Manhattanville,  and  subsequently,  under  the  command 
of  His  Excellency  our  then  worthy  and  honored  Governor, 
Daniel  D.  Tompkins,  were  you  found,  with  others  from 
adjoining  counties,  at  your  posts  as  soldiers,  in  those  en- 
trenchments, and  elsewhere  in  and  about  this  harbor,  formed 
an  impenetrable  wall  of  defence  to  this  great  city,  against 


V 


(    HI.    ) 

jiiiy  force  tlin.t  our  powerful  cneniy  could  couiniancl, 
which  fh<jy  tncitly  acknowledged  by  chnnging  their  scene 
of  o|)(!nitions  to  the  »South,  where  your  brethren  in  arms 
recciv<!(l  th(Mn  and  gave  a  satisfactory  reception,  now  on 
fih;  in  tlic  nrchives  at  Washington,  and  enrolled  on  the 
})iigcH  of  our  iNationtd  History.  Veteran  survivors  of  the 
war  of  IHliil  it  would  ill  become  me  to  charge  you  to  de- 
fend and  proted  this  banner, — our  national  ensign, — you 
hiiv(;  !dr<"!i(ly  been  tried  and  proved,  and  not  found  want- 
ing as  d(;f(,'n(l(!rs  of  our  nation's  rights,  our  nfition's  honor, 
and  our  tuitional  independence  which  we  this  day  celebrate, 
and  of  the  national  flag  which  this  day  I  have  the  honor  to 
pr(!sent  m  the  representative  of  a  young  lady  unknown 
<iuly  as  tlj<;  daughter  of  a  brother  soldi(!r. 

HiH  Honor  thi'ti  presented  the  Colors,  and  was  responded  to  as  follows, 
by  Colonel  llaight: — 

IIovoJiHi)  Siii: 

This  lliig  which  you  present  to  the  Veteran  Corps  of  tlie 
Wiir  of  1*^12,  '1-3  and  '14,  whom  1  have  the  honor  to  com- 
mand, 18  received  at  your  hands  as  the  Chief  Magistrate  of 
this  gr(!{it  Jind  patriotic  city,  and  the  representative  of  its 
unknown  donor.  The  encomiums  you  have  been  pleased 
to  (jxprcHH  are,  indeed,  extremely  flattering  and  highly 
coiu))liiiientMry.  To  us,  sir,  the  expressions  of  a  warm 
heart,  duly  appreciating  our  services  ^•s  soldiers,  is  a  valu- 
abh;  compensation  for  our  labors,  privations  and  sacrifices 
in  th(!  coimiion  cause  of  our  country's  defence  and  honor. 
Permit  irie,  honorable  sir,  to  thank  you,  and  through  you, 
sir,  tli(!  young  lady  who  is  the  donor  of  this  elegant  and 
rnoMt  va'lun,ble  tribute,  and  to  communicate  to  her  the 
unanimous  regret  of  this  Corps  that  her  name  is  unknown 
to  th(!m.  Indeed,  sir,  when  I  look  upon  these  stripes  and 
upon  those  Htars,  surrounding  the  eagle  upon  that  field  of 
l)lu(!,  and  the  scroll  held  hj  the  eagle's  beak  with  the 
words  "/'J  rinri/jus  Unim,^^  my  mind  is  overwhelmed  with 
reminiH<;en(;es  of  the  past,  and  the  future  lost  in  the  dis- 
ta.nt:e  of  time  of  what  shall  be.  Those  stripes  are  the 
original  union  of  thirteen  States,  each  represented  by  a 
star,  in  riuinber  thirteen  in  the  War  of  177G ;  subsequent- 
ly a  star  has  been  added  for  each  new  State  created,  peo- 
pled, organized    and    admitted.     The  War  of   1812  was 


(  IV.  ) 

under  tho  union  of  stripes  and  eighteen  stars ;  and  now 
look,  fit  thin  our  nfitioncil  ll;ig,  presented  on  this  fourth  day 
of  July,  1S(>1,  The  union  of  stripes,  pure  and  unstained, 
witli  thirty-otu!  ntJirs,  and  the  motto  on  the  scroll — true. 
Indeed,  sir,  fhi.s  .'ip[)ears  like  the  production  of  a  fairy  hand. 
The  fancy  picture  of  imaginntion,  wrought  and  ])resented 
to  us,  telling  the  past,  and  pointing  to  the  future.  Is  it  a 
dream — is  it  fancy — is  it  fancy — or  is  it  reality?  Sir,  it  is 
no  dream  of  fancy.     It  is  true  !     It  is  reality  ! 

It  is,  sir,  proverbial  of  American  wives  and  daughters, 
that  the  dorrKistic  hearth  is  the  school  of  thought  antl  ex- 
change of  opinion  on  all  matters  relating  to  the  ruling 
to|)ic  oi'  the  day — civil,  religious,  philosophical  and  politi- 
cal ;  and  I  ihirik,  sir,  the  lingers  that  traced  those  lines 
with  the  necdh;,  and  directed  the  painter  in  his  work,  have 
been  thoroughly  schooled,  and  her  mind  well  stored  with 
our  nation's  history.  And  wherein  is  our  nation's  strength 
which  is  so  truly  conveyed  ?  It  is  in  union — one,  one  in- 
divisible Union. 

ThisCor[)H  rec(;ived  in  1812,  the  national  flag,  with  thir- 
teen stripes  and  eighteen  stars  in  union.  They  stood  by  it 
in  peril  and  in  n(;ed,  in  war  and  in  peace,  until  time  has 
numbered  thirty-one  all  in  union.  We  now  receive  this 
flag  from  your  honored  hands  as  the  representative  of  its 
donor,  still  to  be  our  guide,  our  polar  star  through  the  re- 
mainder of  life,  and  pass  down  to  posterity  what  we  have 
done.  To  stand  firmly,  boldly,  truly,  by  word  and  by 
deed,  to  the  Union  of  these  States  as  our  common  country. 

They  were  then  marched  down  stairs,  formed  in  line  in  front  of  the  new 
City  Hall,  then  marched  round  the  old  City  Hall,  into  Broadway,  thence 
to  the  church  corner  Canal  and  Greene  Streets,  when  the  ceremonies  were 
commenced  hy  the  liev,  Dr.  Spring:,  invoking  a  divine  blessing ;  the  De- 
claration of  Independence  was  then  read  by  Gilbert  S.  Nexsen,  Esq.,  and 
a  discourse  Huitubic  to  the  occasion  was  delivered  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Peter 
J.  Van  Pelt;  after  which  they  returned  to  Head  Quarters,  New  City  Hall, 
and,  with  their  invited  guests,  partook  of  a  cold  eolation. 


DISCOURSE 


Dt'livficil  l>y  ruiiu'st  of  llit  Survivors  of  tin 


VETERAN   CORPS   IN   THE   WAR   OF    1812, 


IN  THK  CIUIUCU  CORNER  CANAI.  AND  GRKENK  STRKETS. 


CITY  OF   NEW-YORK, 


ON    THE    FOURTH    OF    JULY,    1851, 


BY 


REY.  P.  J.  VAN  PELT,  P.  D. 


(Late  Cliaiilaiii  of  tlie  Tliird  Military  District,  U.  S.  Army.) 


NEW-YORK : 

CASPER  C.   CHILDS,   PRINTER,   178   FULTON    STREET. 

1851. 


! 


DISCOURSE. 


1 


Fellow  Citizens  : 

We  are  assembled  in  accordance  with  the  unanimous 
resolve  of  the  surviving  Veteran  Corps  (of  officers  and 
soldiers)  who  served  in  the  War  of  1812,  '13,  '14,  passed 
at  a  Meeting  held  in  Military  Hall,  in  the  City  of  New- 
York,  the  6th  June  last,  1851. 

It  having  pleased  them  witii  like  unanimily  to  select  me, 
in  their  own  words,  as  "the  Orator  of  the  diiy,"  1  stand 
before  you  to   address  you  on  this  interesting,  jubilant, 
anniversaiy  occasion.     I  say  interesting  and  jubilant  occa- 
sion, for  so  has  this  Anniversary  been  regarded  and  cele- 
brated from  the  first  till  this  seventy-fifth  year.     So  is  it 
regarded  and  celebrated  by  all  American  patriots    and 
lovers  of  freedom  this  day  with  congratulations  of  joy  and 
rejoicing.     The  day,  and  all  who  honor  it,  is  die  sentiment 
which  is  shouted  at  the  festive  board,  echoed  through  halls 
and  saloons,  and  not  only  pervades  the  land,  but  also  all 
places  where  Americans  are  found.     And  so,  I  apprehend, 
will  it  be  regarded  and  celeb.iated  in  all  coming  time,  by 
millions  of  generations  yet  unborn. 

It  is  the  Anniversary  of  our  nation's  birth-day,  on  which 
the  Delegates  of  the  People  in  Congress  assembled,  de- 
clared these  United  States  to  be  free,  sovereign  and  inde- 
pendent. They  resolved  not  to  bear  die  burden  of  taxation, 
imposed  on  them  without  the  right  of  representation ;  to 
throw  off  the  yoke  of  oppression ;  to  unfurl  the  flag  of 
thirteen  stripes  and  stars  as  their  national  banner  of  three 


*fH*i69 


millions  of  people,  and  assume  their  equal,  independent  ri.nk 
among  the  powers  of  the  enrth. 

It  was  a  bold  resolve— a  hazardous  enterprise,  a  mo- 
mentous undertaking!  beeause  undertaken  against  an  old, 
warlike,  and  powerful  nation.     But  the  men  who  under- 
took and  did  it—who  were   selected  and  delegated  in  the 
providence  of  God—were  inspired  and  gifted  with  wisdom 
and  courage  from  above,  and  possessed  the  necessary  quali- 
fications of  integrity   and  patriotism.     They  appealed  to 
the  Supreme  Ruler  of  the  Universe  for  the  rectitude  of  their 
intentions  and  the  justice  of  their  cause;  and  for  the  sup- 
port of  It,  mutually  pledged  their  lives,  their  fortunes,  and 
their  sacred  honor;  having  the  testimony  of  approving  con- 
sciences, endowed  with  patriotism,  talent,  integrity,  firm- 
ness and  fortitude,   and  having  the  encouraging  hope  of 
divine  approbation.     They  also  had  the  confidence  of  their 
constituency_a  patriotic,  virtuous  and  enlightened  people  • 
and  unaer   the    smiles   and    the  determinate    counsel    of 
heaven,  the  glorious  work,  after  seven  years  of  anxious  toil 
and  conflict,  was  accomplished.     Their  memories,  virtues, 
and  extraordinary  achievements   are,   as   doubtless    they 
ought  and  will  be,  held  in  lasting  and  grateful  remem- 
brance. 

The  distinguished  blessings  of  freedom,  civil  and  re- 
ligious, diey  projected  and  labored  fbr  with  unremitted 
dihgence,  zeal  and  courage,  we,  with  tens  of  thousands 
from  divers  lands  are  enjoying,  while  there  is  none  to  make 
us  afraid. 

They  were  a  pure  and  rare  race  of  men,  who  had  grown 
up  in  this  new  world,  descended  from  chivalrous,  T)ious 
ancestry  in  the  old  world,  who  had  encountered  fierce  op- 
position  in  high  places,  and  endured  contradiction,  priva- 


V^\ 


*\^  VV 


6 


tion,  persecution  nnd  sufiering  as  well  fwm  the  court  of 
high  commission  and  Star  Chamber  in  England,  as  from 
the  revocation  of  the  edict  of  Nants,  and  intolerant  papal 
bigotry  in  France  ;  and  theretbre  knew  how  to  prize  the 
l)oon  of  liberty. 

Brought  up  and  instructed  in  the  cardinal  principles  of 
the  bible,  and  in  knowledge  of  the  liberty  wherewith 
Christ,  the  Saviour,  makes  his  people  free,  they  hated  per- 
secution and  oppression,  and  loved  truth,  justice,  mercy, 
and  the  rights  of  man. 

To  glance  at  and  recount  briefly  their  achievements,  as 
also  of  those  who  succeeded  them  and  were  engaged  in  the 
second  War  of  1812,  and  show  how  we  may  best  promote 
and  perpetuate  the  rich  inheritance  of  liberty  transmitted 
us  with  the  precious  privileges  w^e  enjoy,  are  the  points  to 
which  I  invite  your  attention. 

The  drama  of  the  revolution,  the  first  war  for  indepen- 
dence, being  fully  opened,  to  effect  it  without  difficulty, 
commotion,  loss  of  lile,  blood  and  treasure,  was  not,  could 
not  be  expected. 

Not  only  many  valuable  lives  were  immolated  in  free- 
dom's cause,  but  the  temples  of  Jehovah's  worship  were 
attacked,  profaned,  and  demolished.  Defenceless  towns 
and  villages  were  set  on  fire  and  reduced  to  ashes ;  cul- 
tured fields  were  desolated  ;  widows'  houses  plundered  ; 
the  virtuous  daughter  ignominiously  robbed  of  her  chastity ; 
the  father  bewailed  his  child  ;  the  mother  the  loss  of  her 
son — her  darling  son — whose  youthful  bosom  glowed  with 
the  love  of  liberty — who  embarked  in  the  contest  for  free- 
dom, and  who  died  fighting  for  his  country.  Many  a  fair  and 
beauteous  form  was  left  on  the  cold  ground,  the  miserable 
appendage  of  a  mangled  corpse.     The  blood  of  th(>  brave 


6 

TleZ^Tr    ''t"'  ""  "'■' '""'  "■""^"■""^  the  brooks  of 
Amenca,  before  she  couM  be  free  and  independent,  and 
elevated  to  that  high  rank  to  whieh  she  was  destined  by 
the  Supreme  Arbiter  of  the  fate  of  Nations. 

Alas!   how  fearful  in  prospective,  the  wide  waste  of 
honor  and  devastation  that  lay  before  our  fitthers!     How 

ponentous  that  penodwhenthecongregatedstotmsof  proud 
mon-cl.y  -d  anstocratic  rage  broke  loose  upon  ns-lhen 

he  onset  for  .ndependence  was  made.     Itwas  then  the  time 

tjZr:  "t/  ^^'^"  *«  '™"P  °f  --  -sounded 
htoughout  onr  broad  land,  and  summoned  to  our  shores  the 

egionsof  arbttraty  power;  that  an  army  of  Amerieal  :  ! 
d.ers-  rue,  patriofe  Whigs,  fearless  of  danger  and  jeopard- 
^hfe!  pressed  around  the  elevated  standards  of  freedom 
and  their  countty;  contending  not  for  ambition,  nor  vain 
honor  and  conquest,  but  for  independence  and  their  cZ 
ry '.  nghts  They  endured  privations,  sufferings  and  h  d- 
shtps.  offenng  their  lives,  their  fortunes  and  honor  in  sacred 
Pledges  of  finthfulness  to  their  cause.     They  risked  the^r 

then  altars  and  peaceful  firesides,  in  the  struggle  L  liber: 
ty.  A  struggle  w.th  an  ancient,  warlike,  brave  and 
powerful  natton      But  He  who  was  with  ns,  who  rnlet 

vhl  ir'"'  "'  ™  ™"  ""''  ■™S'"'-  "-"  they 

Who  were  against  us.  "^ 

friend".  1  "  "",  '"  "'I  "'"™'  "^"""'^^  '"  ™-  '"  P-- 
fnends  ,  tt  ts  only  w.th  a  view  to  refresh  your  memories, 

and  keep  ahve  the  sp.rit  of  the  day,  that  we  rehearse  the 

toty  and  remark :  Lexington  opened  tl,e  tragic  scene,  and 

and  valor,      n  look.ng  back  on  the  tinte,  we  see  the  raw 
and  und,sc>pbned  troops,  organized  and  led  on  by  brave 


chiefs,  rush  to  the  battle  field,  and  as  if  by  the  power  of 
inspiration,  perform  prodigies  of  valor. 

Bunker  Hill  records  the  heroism  of  yeomaniy  and  mar- 
tial prowess  of  a  Warren.  Alas  !  there  that  brave  officer 
fell  deeply  lamented.  Boston  cradled  the  revolution,  and 
produced  eminent  champions  in  the  cause.  "  Sink  or 
swim,"  said  the  elder  Adams,  "I  go  for  independence." 
The  name  of  John  Hancock  stand  pre-eminent  on  the  roll 
of  our  early  and  pure  patriots. 

In  those  days  of  pure  and  lofty  patriotism,  the  South, 
emulating  the  north,  breathing  a  like  spirit  of  gallantry 
and  of  union ;  w  e  hear  the  eloquent  Patrick  Henry  ex- 
claiming in  the  deliberative  Assembly,  "  Give  me  liberty  or 
give  mc  death." 

That  illustrious  citizen  George  Washington  of  Virginia, 
having  been  appointed  by  Congress  commander-in-chief  of 
our  armies,  we  behold  him  at  Cambridge,  Massachusetts, 
and  then  in  New-York,  crossing  the  East  River,  battling 
with  the  foe  on  Long  Island,  (and  as  was  said,  against  his 
own  private  and  better  judgement.)  It  was  there  he  was 
heard  to  utter  these  memorable  words  to  his  officers,  (hav- 
ing been  told  that  the  enemy  had  landed,)  "  If  the  enemy 
advance  and  attack  us  to-night  we  are  unprepared.  But 
we  must  trust  in  God,  hope  for  the  best,  and  do  our  duty." 

We  notice  him  recrossing  the  East  River  in  the  dead  of 
night  to  this  city,  with  the  manifest  interposition  of  heaven. 
Not  a  breath  of  air  rippled  the  water  to  disturb  the  boats 
deeply  laden  with  officers  and  soldiers,  and  a  dense  fog 
settled  down  between  the  two  armies,  (like  to  the  cloud 
that  intervened  between  the  armies  of  Pharoah  and  Moses 
at  the  Red  Sea,)  which  spread  over  the  enemy's  shipping 
in  New- York  Bay,  and  prevented  their  coming  up  to  the 


8 


city.     Thus  was  Wusliington  and  liis  army  marvel ou.sly 
delivered  in  the  memorable  summer  of  1770. 

Pursued  by  the  enemy,  he  skirmished,  fought  and  re- 
treated till  became  to  White  Plains,  in  Westchester;  wliero 
he  encamped,  stood,  and  had  a  drawn  battle.  From 
thence  he  crossed  the  North  River,  and  proceeded  through 
New  Jersey  to  Trenton,  where  having  crossed  the  Dela- 
ware amidst  the  roaring  ice,  he  attacked  and  captured  the 
mercenary  body  of  Hessians,  and  kindling  large  fires  in 
his  encampment  to  delude  the  enemy,  he  marched  to  Prince- 
ton, where  he  again  grappled  with  the  fbe  effectively,  and 
thence  went  into  winter  quarters  at  Morristown. 

It  was  in  the  conflict  at  Princeton,  that  the  gallant  Gen. 
Mercer  fell,  whose  memory  is  engraven  in  New  Jersey. 
There  flowed  the  purple  stream  of  his  life  for  freedom. 
We  notice  also  our  Washington  with  the  gallant  La  Fayette 
at  Monmouth,  where,  as  Gen.  La  Fayette  remarked  when 
last  here,  our  troops  behaved  gallantly  under  the  command 
of  his  Excellency  Gen.  Washington,  when  he  had  disarmed 
and  put  Gen.  Lee  under  arrest  for  mal-conduct.     So  also 
we  might  notice  the  triumphs  of  a  Schuyler  and  Gates,  and 
others  at  Saratoga,  in  the  surrender  of  Burgoyne.    The  able 
Genei  .iJship  of  Green,  at  Guilford  and  the  Eutaw  Springs! 
As  also  the  heroic  deeds  of  the  chivalrous  Gen.  Marion'of 
South  Carolina,  nnd  of  others  whose  names  adorn  the  pages 
of  our  revolutionary  annals.     But  time  would  fbil,  to  redte 
all  the  places  and  deeds  cf  those  distinguished  patriots  of 
the  revolution,  and  the  army  of  suffering  brave  soldiers 
who  achieved  our  Lidependcnce.     We  must  not  however 
omit  to  notice  the  celebrated  Yorktown  in  Virginia.     Long 
shall  the  fame  of  that  siege—the  last  momentous  conflict, 
be  remembered  with  profound  gratitude  to  the   mighty 


9 


i 


power  that  overrules  and  directs  the  fate  of  battles,  and 
destiny  of  nations.  There  did  the  guardian  angel  protect 
our  beloved  Washington  by  hair  breadth  escape,  and  there 
did  he  shine  as  a  star  of  the  first  magnitude,  amid  the  shouts 
of  victory,  and  the  splendour  of  a  proud  triumph.  It 
seems  as  if  divine  Providence  had  reserved  this  place  in 
the  native  States  of  the  American  Commander,  for  the  last 
brilliant  display  of  great  and  glorious  actions.  With  the 
surrender  of  lord  Cornwallis  and  his  army,  in  the  progress 
of  events,  was  ended  the  war  of  the  revolution,  and  the 
acknowledgment  of  our  independence  by  the  British  Go- 
vernment. 

Washington  acknowledged  the  good  hand  of  God  on  our 
counsels  and  arms,  succored  by  the  co-operation  of  the 
gallant  La  Fayette  and  his  brave  countrymen,  a  generous 
ally.  Congress,  the  army  and  the  nation  ;  gave  thanks  to 
Almighty  God  for  his  goodness,  and  for  his  wonderful 
works  to  the  children  of  men. 

There  were  many  circumstances  of  divine  concurrence 
and  signal  interposition  during  the  arduous  struggle  for  in- 
dependence, which  displayed  the  arm  of  omnipotence,  and 
evinced  the  justice  of  the  cause. 

An  incident  of  no  small  moment  and  worthy  of  mention, 
occurred  on  this  Island,  (as  is  related,)  at  the  house  of  Mr. 
Robert  Murray,  (known  as  INIurray  Hill,)  near  which  an  en- 
counter took  place  between  the  troops  of  Washington  and 
the  advancing  enemy  in  command  of  Generals  Howe  and 
Clinton ;  at  the  close  of  which  Washington  sent  an  officer 
to  Mrs.  wife  of  Robert  Murray,  with  a  request  to  her,  to 
detain,  if  possible.  Generals  Howe  and  Clinton  with  their 
army  at  her  house,  until  Gen.  Putnam  with  a  large  body 
of  Washington's  army,  who  were  on  the  north  side  of  the 


10 


City  and  Island,  had  passed  by  the  Bloomingdale  ic.d  ; 
which  the  true  and  patriotic  Mrs.  R.  Murray  accomphshed. 
By  going  down  tlie  lawn  to  the  gate  leading  to  the  house, 
by  the  road  side  where  the  Generals,  Howe  and  Clinton 
with  the  British  army  just  at  the  time  came  on  the  advanc- 
ing march.     She  invited  them  to  her  house  to  take  some 
refreshment,  as  it  was  a  hot  day,  and  as  they  had  been 
engaged  in  hot  work,  (a  battle.)     Gen.  Howe  said  to  Gen. 
Chnton  ;  "  Clinton,  shall  we  accept  the  lady's  invitation  ?" 
to  which  Chnton  answered  in  the  affirmative ;   the  armv 
was  ordered  to  halt.     It  was  during  that  halt,  when  the 
chief  officers  of  the  British  army  were  taking  refreshments 
at  Mrs.  Murray's,  that  Gen.  Putnam  passed  by  the  Bloom- 
ingdale road,  joined  Washington,  and  made  a  narrow  and 
providential  escape.   But  for  the  forethought  of  Washington 
the  hospitahty  and  fidelity  of  Mrs.  Murray,  it  was  thought 
the  brave  Gen.  Putnam  with  his  division  would  have  been 
surrounded  and  cut  off;  and  Washington's  army  would  have 
been  greatly  weakened,  if  not  destroyed.     What  effect 
such  loss  at  this  interesting  period  of  the  war  would  have 
had,  is  not  for  us  to  say.     Thus  was  Washington  and  his 
army,  by  his  inventive  genius,  the  hospitable  disposition 
and  true  patriotism  of  a  New  York  and  an  American  Lady, 
delivered  at  tiiat  time  from  the  grasp  of  the  enemy-in^a 
providential,  signal  manner. 

Thus  is  it  that  the  most  high  who  ruleth  over  men,  makes 
the  wrath  of  man  to  praise  him,  and  restrains  the  remainder 
of  their  wrath. 

The  fact  of  having  a  man  in  our  country  at  that  juncture 
as  was  George  Washington  ;  who  in  the  purity  of  his  char- 
acter, his  industrious  habits-his  sound,  discriminating  judg- 
ment-his  honesty  and  fixedness  of  purpose-his  enlight- 


s 


i 


11 

eiicd  iinderstaiKling — his  reverence  for  Cod,  his  word  and 
truth,  and  therefore  blessed  in  his  counsels  and  arms — his 
prudent  caution,  military  tact  and  prowess,  as  was  early 
evinced  at  the  defeat  of  Braddock;  where  his  life  was 
most  signally  preserved !  together  with  his  undeviating 
patriotism — love  of  liberty  and  the  rights  of  the  people ! 
possessing  such  qualifications,  he  was  eminently  fitted  lor 
a  leader  and  commander  of  the  American  army.  And 
under  divine  auspices  he  did  lead  the  army  to  victory,  and 
brought  the  country  in  union  and  renown  far  and  wide — to 
the  establishment  of  peace,  liberty  and  independence. 

The  tears  and  mourning  of  the  nation,  when  he  was 
removed  by  death,  (on  which  occassion  he  who  now  ad- 
dresses you  delivered  an  oration  by  request,  on  the  day 
set  apart  by  Congress  to  observe  his  obsequies,  and  com- 
memorate his  virtues)  best  demonstrated  the  universal 
S3'mpathy  and  love  for  his  rare  and  exalted  character. 
And  even  now  on  this  national  anniversary,  with  a  vastly 
increased  and  still  increasing  population,  methinks  I  see 
more  than  22  millions  of  freemen,  doing  the  homage  of  re- 
spect, gratitude  and  affection  to  his  memory,  tlianking  Cod 
lor  so  distinguished  a  gift,  and  with  one  accord  pronouncing 
him  father  of  his  country — "  first  in  war,  first  in  peace,  and 
first  in  the  hearts  of  his  countrymen." 

He  might  when  he  felt  power  have  forgot  right,  and 
seizing  the  critical  moment  when  the  army  was  disbanded, 
and  taking  advantage  of  the  anon3'mous  seditious  letters 
which  were  then  published  and  scattered  through  the 
army,  have  sought  to  make  himself  a  military  despot. 
We  have  an  instructive  example  of  such  dereliction  of 
principle  in  Napoleon  Bonaparte,  the  first  of  the  Gaehc 
Caesars,  who  sat  on  the  throne  of  the  Bourbons,  who  sub- 


11 


I 


13 
jugated  almost  all  the  eastern  continent,  and  seemed  to  ,et 

c MJe.  But  Washington,  honest  and  honorable  in  his  prin- 
cples  and  engagements;  proved  true  and  fimh.nl  to  the 
mterests  and  rights  of  the  people.  In  taking  leave  of  the 
arn.y,  he  sa,d  :  "Brave  soldiers  1  having  fought  for  1  be  y 
and  atta,ned  by  the  blessing  of  P^videnee,  the  obieet  "^ 
us  go  to  our  homes-and  work  for  property."  ' 

.     .Z'^^r^'"  '"■  "'"  ""?''"'  ®'^'^'  ''^""«  ■'y  "--  dele- 
gates ,„  convention  made,  ratified  and  confirmed  a  general 

and  federal  constitution,  in  order  to  "  establish  justic^Lsre 

btsst»    of  n'T''  'I"'  «""""'  »-'«-■  and  secure  the 
blessmg,  of  hberty  to  then,selves  and  their  posterity" 

.r;rp:^d!r™'"^"'--'^— ^-'-^^^'^^^^^^^^^^ 

The  Government  being  thus  organized,  and  goin..  on  in 

departments  of  agneuhure,  commerce,  ma.t«faet„res,  arts 
and  sciences:  ,t  was  soon  discovered,  that  crowned  heads 

peaceable  and  flourishmg  condition;  became  jealous  of  onr 
une..ampled  growth  and  prosperity,  and  manifested  a  di 
pos.  .on  of  unfriendliness  toward  „s.    Arising  as  well  f^^ 
our  free  mstitntions,  republican  principles,  aitd  .struct  !f 
our  Government,  placing  the  power  in  the  hands  of  ,h 
people,  by  the  right  of  suffijihrough  the  b^:"  o:'nt 
leaving  each  one  free  to  worship  God  according  To  t^J 
d-ctates  o,  conscience;  without  connection  witl^":r  e.cfu 
stve  patronage  from  the  civil  Government;   as  a  „"^: 

gaiding  oui  Government  us  imbecile  and  indigent;  our 


13 


Vn'um,  ft  rope  of  ftarid,  our  people  inefficient,  who  could  not 
be  goaded  into  war. 

Hence,  alnjudy  in  the  administration  of  President 
Wa«liington,  serious  collisions  and  disagreements  began  to 
take  [)lace,  which  were  coeval  with  the  treaty  tluit  termi- 
nn,ted  the  firnt  American  war.  Which  were  afterwards 
piirtially  adju.stc^d  by  Mr.  Jay's  treaty. 

In  tlie  administration  ot"  President  Adams,  another  col- 
lision mid  dis.igrcement  took  place  with  Spain,  which  was 
lK)wev(!r  Hoon  niiiicably  settled.  And  another  with  France, 
whi<;h  had  begnn  under  the  former  administration,  and 
wlii(;li  WiiM  of  a,  more  grave  and  aggravated  character. 
This  was  also  afterwards  in  a  manner  palliated. 

In  the  administration  of  Presidents  Jefferson  and  Madi- 
son, ihe  disrespjx-tful  and  hostile  spirit  of  the  British 
piirsiH'd  us  not  only  at  sea,  the  highway  of"  nations,  but 
pimetrated  the  mouth  of  our  harbour. 

The  griMJt  matter  at  issue  between  the  two  countries,  be- 
sides other  dillc;rences,  was  the  interruption  of  our  ships 
and  vessels  at  sea,  and  the  impressment  of  seamen  from 
on  board  of  them.  Seizing  and  searching  our  ships  at  sea 
l)y  the  liritislj  f<)r  persons  and  property ;  we  being  a  neutral 
nation.  Our  (Jovernment  claiming  by  the  law  of  nations, 
that  Dur  (lag  should  protect  our  ships,  citizens — crews  and 
property  under  it.  That  it  should  be  a  guaranty  and  pass- 
port to  our  res])ect,  honor  and  safety  in  all  places  on  the 
high  acas. 

It  was  this  that  brought  on  the  second  war  of  independ- 
ence, so  called,  in  1812.  The  justice  and  necessity  of 
which  was  eloquently  advocated  in  Congress  by  that  emi- 
nent Statesman  and  Senator,  Henry  Clay,  "Who  spoke 
to  the  heart,  and  bore  the  palm  away ;"   who  was  after- 


m 


14 

>"  "<  my  ,,l  po,.cc  between  the  two  nations  at  Ghent 
Ii'  lln»  <-onflict  which  was  ne,-u-  three  year,  l..,„l 

'H  tho  fate  and  fbrtunc  of  war      Tn  ti  • 

men, ;  of  y„„  fl„g  „„,,  y^,_^  ^  y  _^__.^       P^dent  Oomn- 

-x     .  W   „!;     ^"^  ?'"  r  ™™™'--d,  .n„ch  treasure 
wiion  the  w.'ir  comincnrpr]    tl,..f  •  ,.         ''^ 

I-worful  „,  nation  .^^^t^      nT '1    "^  "'"'   ■'" 

«ea„,a„„hi,,  the  „a„.ical  skill  and  b  -tve    '!?   m 
n.en,  and  bearing  the  pIcd^esTf  d^r    ^  '"  ""'' 

l-eetion-to  tht  Justie'  JC  1    f  oTtli'"^''^*^  J"" 
trade  and  saih.rs'  rights.  °''°"'  •"  fr'"' 

It  wan  in  those  naval  ongaireraent*  tl,.,,  ,u 
courage  of  the  distinguish^ed  her    s    Hul      /"',"  r"' 
Uwrencc,  JWy,  Maedonongh  an  1   D^ir    "         f ' 

v.%«unde,,h,gi.edb,,h;„ati„n:::.ri„z,t 


3i 


I  1. 

.^  were  developed  the  elevated  patriotism  and  prowe.^s,  the 

intellectual  and  military  resources  of  intrepid  officers  and 
soldiers  on  land,  who  by  their  valorous  deeds  became  re- 
nowned !  were  honored  and  esteemed  by  a  ginteful  peo- 
ple with  bursts  of  applause.  Such  as  Brown  at  Sackett's 
Harbor,  McComb  at  Plattsburg,  and  Scott  the  hero  of  Chip- 
pewa and  Lundy's  Lane.  And  last  and  greatest  of  all, 
to  caj)  the  climax,  and  end  the  strife  of  an  unnatural  war ! 
the  masterly  and  brilliantly  crowning  battle  of  New  Or- 

tlcjuis  under  Gen.  Jackson,  where   a  righteous  Providence 
seemed  to  say  to  the  invading  enemy,  "  Such  of  you  as 
*  are  left  alive  on  the  field  of  battle,  haste  to  your  ships  of 

war  and  go  home  to  your  own  rich  and  cultivated  lands 
in  good  old  England,  and  let  your  brethren  and  kindred  in 
m  America  alone,  and  molest  them  not ! "      And  to  us,  in 

i  the  same  eventfnl  battle,  a  kind  Providence  seemed  to  pro- 

nounce our  cause  just,  in  defending  the  countiy  against 
valiant  and  powerful  invaders,  maintaining  our  honor  and 
dignity  among  the  nations,  vindicating  our  rights  on  sea 
and  land,  and  preserving  our  union  and  independence  un- 
impaired. 

I  liave  said  that  ivar  was  unnatural :  and  is  it  not  unnatu- 
ral for  nations  as  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States  of 
America.,  speaking  the  same  rich  and  beautiful  language, 
from  whose  chivalric  ancestry  we  have  descended,  and 
taught  by  their  noble  example,  as  furnished  in  their  in- 
structive history,  to  resist  aggression,  and  defend  our  coun- 
try, her  liberties  and  rights  ;  each  boasting  of  its  excellent 
institutions  and  liberty ;  each  brave  and  honorable,  pro- 
fessing the  same  religion,  pure  and  unadulterated,  and 
each  co-operating  in  Christian  union  to  exhibit  Christianity 
in  its  most  excellent  character,  and  by  all  laudable  efforts 


m 


16 

to  cvanQ[elize  the  hcuthon  nations  ;  to  circulate  the  Bible 

the  holy  book  of  God — without  note  or  comment,  throuo-h 
foreign,  heathen  lands,  and  spread  the  knowledge  of  salva- 
tion by  Jesus  Christ  the  Son  of  God,  the  only  true  Saviour, 
broad  cast  all  over  the  world. 

Surely  it  is  specially  unnatural  and  wrong,  for  such  en- 
lightened and  Christian  nations  to  be  at  war  with  ench 
other.  And  whence  come  wars  and  fightings?  Come  they 
not  hence  as  an  apostle  says,  "even  of  lusts  that  war  in  the 
members." 

May  wisdom,  courage  and  power  be  so  tempered,  justice 
and  mercy  so  disposed,  good  faith  and  charity  be  so  exercis- 
ed, that  there  shall  be  no  more  war  between  these  nations. 

With  the  last  marvellous,  successful  struggle  at  New  Or- 
leans, the  second  war  of  independence  was  ended.  The 
law  of  nations  was  vindicated  and  maintained.  Our  insti- 
tutions preserved  in  their  purity  and  vigor.  Our  flag  un- 
tarnished, floating  in  the  breeze  of  seas  and  rivers  among 
distant  nations.  Our  commerce,  agriculture,  arts  and 
sciences  flourishing.  Our  country's  right  and  liberties  un- 
diminished and  inviolate.  The  tide  of  emigration  flowing 
toward  us  with  accumulated  strength,  giving  us  numerical 
force.  Our  national  union  and  honor  cemented,  consoli- 
dated and  advanced.  The  importance  and  dignity  of  the 
Government  increased  in  estimation  and  renown  in  all 
parts  of  the  w^orld. 

In  the  words  of  the  gallant  La  Fayette,  who  said  to 
me,  "  wherever  the  name  of  an  American,  especially  the 
presence  of  an  American  officer  is  announced  in  Europe ; 
he  is  received  with  marked  respecf."  "That  war,"  he  added, 
♦'  let  the  world  see  that  what  the  father^  ontended  for  in  the 
Jirst  war;  the  sors  v. ere  able  and  wii^.ng  to  defend  and 


-.  Bible— 

,  through 

of  salva- 

1  Saviour, 

such  en- 
ith  each 
ome  they 
ar  in  the 

d,  justice 
1  cxercis- 
3  nations. 

New  Or- 
h1.  The 
3ur  insti- 
flag  u fi- 
rs among 
arts  and 
srties  un- 
n  flowing 
lumerical 
,  consoli- 
ty  of  the 
m  in  all 

3  said  to 
nally  the 
Europe ; 
le  added, 
for  in  the 
fend  and 


17 

maintain  in  the  second^     And  truly  the  spirit  evinced  by 
the  fathers,  survived  in  die  sons. 

O  that  men  would  praise  the  Lord  for  his  goodness,  and 
for  his  wonderful  works,  fijr  his  guidance  and  direction  and 
great  care  of  us  as  a  nation ;  for  the  victories  achievtul, 
for  the  peace  and  prosperity  we  enjoy.  In  that  war,  our 
number  of  States  were  "seventeen,  and  the  number  of 
vessels  captured  was  more  than  sixteen  hundn^d,  with  more 
than  three  thousiiud  guns,  and  twelve  thousand  men." 

Since  then,  besides  Indian  wars  of  minor  importance, 
we  have  had  a  war  with  the  Mexicans. 

This,  as  was  said,  originated  in  their  refusing  or  with- 
holding and  dela3ang  the  payment  of  moneys  long  and 
justly  due  us;  together  with  a  manifestation  of  trifling  and 
menace  toward  us  of  dishonor  and  disrespect,  derogatory 
to  the  honor  and  dignity  of  our  Government. 

In  this  late  war  whilst  we  dej)lore  again  the  privations 
and  sufferings  endured,  the  treasure  expended,  the  profuse 
effusion  of  human  blood — the  loss  of  dear  and  valuable 
lives ;  and  sympathise  with  the  widows  and  fatherless ! 
our  arms  were  again  signall}^  blessed  and  favored  by 
divine  interposition.  With  vastly  interior  numbers,  as  at 
Palo  Alta,  Resaca  de  la  Palma,,  at  Monterey  and  Buena 
Vista,  under  Gen.  Taylor  with  his  small  number  of  invin- 
cible volunteer  soldiers.  So  also  at  the  strong  castle  of 
St.  Juan  de  Ulloa,  in  Vera  Cruz  ;  supposed  to  be  iniprcg- 
iTPble.  As  also  at  Cliapultepcc,  Molina  Del  Rey  and  the 
City  of  Mexico,  under  Gen.  Scott. 

In  which  memorable  battles  and  celebrated  victories 
obtained  with  triumphs  and  conquests  by  inferior  numbers, 
rarely  equalled  by  military  skill,  science  and  bravery,  the 
New  York  volunteers  bore  a  distinguished  part,  and  gained 

a 


'^ 


IS 

signal  honor  and  applau.se ;  not  only  ihr  themselves,  but 
also  for  the  Empire  State,  and  the  whole  country.  Show- 
ing to  the  world,  that  with  such  volunteer  citizen-soldiers 
as  we  have  by  hundreds  of  thousands  in  our  various  indus- 
trial employment,  intelligent,  active,  hardy,  patriotic  and 
brave  !  under  the  blessing  of  the  Almighty  ruler  of  nations, 
our  mdependence  and  liberties  will  be  defended,  and 
tnumphantly  maintained. 

That  in  the  hands  of  such  patriots  and  men,  led  by  offi- 
cers  capable,  faithful  and  true,  with  the  fostering  care  and 
propitious  smiles  of  heaven  !  the  honor  of  the  country,  the 
constitution,  the  union—and  the  republic  are  safe. 

Having  come  out  of  the  war  with  Mexico  with  our  flag 
unsulhed,  and  with  a  vast  additional  territory,  abounding 
with  gold  and  precious  metals  contributing  to  the  wealth 
of  the  country ;  which  now  stretches  far  along  the  Pacific 
Ocean  on  the  west,  and  running  far  into  the  interior;  with 
the  settlement  of  the  dues,  and  annexation  alreadv  of  a 
State,  making  our  number  thirty-one,  and  territory  sufficient 
soon  to  make  several  more  States ;  together  with  the  de- 
velopment of  mountains  of  gold,  and  vast  physical  resources 
of  wealth ;    fi-on>  minerals,  agriculture,  trade,  commerce, 
manufactures,  arts  and  literature ;    our  free    institutions, 
civil  and  religious  extensively  diftused,  the  cause  of  tem- 
perance, education  and  good  morals  promoted,  the  bounda- 
ries of  the  republic  enlarged-our  rights  and  liberties  pre- 
served  in  tranquil  and  happy  enjoyment,  with  the  shield 
of   the  Gospel  of  grace  for  our  sure  protection !     Surely 
we  may  say,  what  has  God  wrought  fbr  us  !     What  more 
could  have  been  done,  that  has  not  been  done !     Surely 
the  Almighty  has  not  dealt  so  with  any  nation. 

Possessing  such  a  country  as  this;  abounding  with  all 


selves,  but 

y.     Show- 

sn-soldiers 

ious  indus- 

Is 

riotic  and 

1 

of  nations, 

■-4  ■ 

ided,   and 

;d  by  offi- 

f| 

care  and 

untrv,  the 

our  flag 

bounding 

le  wealth 

A 

3  Pacific 

1 

or;  with 

1 

xly  of  a 

1 

sufficient 

1 

the  de- 

^   m 

esources 

1 

iinnerce. 

1 

:itutions, 

B 

of  tem- 

1 

bounda- 

m 

;ies  pre- 

fl 

3  shield 

B 

Surely 

■ 

It  more 

-I^Hj^t- 

Surely 

B 

v^ith  all 


19 

the  necessaries,  and  most  of  the  luxuries  of  the  world, 
where  w'e  eat  our  bread  without  scarceness,  and  drink 
oiu-  water  from  the  pure  fountains,  and  blessed  with  a  con- 
stitution of  Government,  the  result  of  a  spirit  of  amity  of 
our  fathers;  of  mutual  deference  and  compromise  between 
the  United  States,  so  as  to  promote  the  general  welfare, 
and  secure  the  freedom  and  happiness  of  all !  A  consti- 
tution which  guaranties  the  right  of  suffrage,  the  rights  of 
civil  and  nligious  liberty  to  each  and  to  all  the  people ! 
It  remains  to  show  how,  and  in  what  manner;  by  what 
rule  of  conduct  w'e  shall  best  preserve  this  country  dear 
to  us  all!. — with  its  constitution,  union,  liberty  and  inde- 
pendence, and  tmnsmit  it  inviolate  to  succeeding  genera- 
tions. 

On  this  point,  as  on  most  subjects,  there  may  be  an  honest 
difference  of  opinion. 

It  seems  however  clear  and  reasonable,  that  the  s])irit 
and  way,  in  which  our  independence  W'as  achieved,  the 
constitution  of  our  country  was  made,  the  Government  or- 
ganized and  put  into  operation  ;  is  die  spirit  to  be  cherished 
and  way  to  be  exercised,  in  order  to  preserve  and  perpetu- 
ate it.  Now  this  was  done  according  to  the  declaration  of 
the  upright  and  renowned  sages  of  our  country,  who  framed 
the  constitution ;  in  the  spirit  of  amity,  and  the  way  of 
deference  and  concession  to  each  State,  entering  into  the 
compact.  Otherwise  they  could  not  have  done  it.  So  that 
the  union  of  all  the  States,  in  the  confederacy,  with  their 
different  interests  ;  south  and  north  being  consulted,  conso- 
lidated— formed  into  one  compact ;  all  might  share  in  the 
common  benefits  of  defence,  prosperity,  honor,  harmony 
and  happiness.  Such  a  union  they  considered  so  important 
as  to  involve  "the  prosperity,  felicity,  safety,  perhaps  our 


■I 


'i 


20 

national  existence."  Therefore,  in  „„r  legislation  to  have 
due  respeet  to  the  rights  an<l  interests  of  eaeh  an,,  al  I 
how,  and  a,  all  umes,  to  cherish  a  like  spirit  of  friendship 
and  good  feeling  by  all  our  citizens  towal^l.,  each  S.a  e  n' 
the  Un.on:  .s  doubtless  the  most  likely  and  best  way  to 
p.eserv-e  our  „at,onal  existence,  promote  our  prosperhy 

;t:  t  r ""' ''''""''"  •-«•  "■■■'"^"'"  *-«  '-"»* 

and  Sancufier  of  the  world,  that  the  Gospel  was  ordained 
0  be  preached,  the  way  of  salvation  made  known  by  the 
0  OSS  of  Chnst,  the  true,  holy  Catholic  Church  i„stit!,t  d 
the  people  exhorted  to  repent  and  believe,  to  love  God  and 
each  other,  to  do  to  others,  as  they  would  have  othl  do 

*::'  ""'r^"  '-™- '-•"•>•  ^  peace  on  earth  wii 
gtacous  eonsolat,on_and  the  glorious  inheritance  reserved 
tn  heaven,  was  the  reward-promised. 

In  such  a  spirit  of  amity  did  our  virtuous  and  honored 
fathers  acheve  our  independence,  frame  the  constit  tio„ 
model  and  establish  our  excellent  Government 

They  had  imbibed  the  iirm  and  generous,  and  kindly  af 
fecttoned  spn..  of  the  Gospel,  and  they  acted  it  out  as  f 
mamfestod  m  the  first  prayer  in  Congress.  As  aisrbv 
Washmgtonon  the  eve  of  one  of  the  firsteventful  bat  h.,  for 
freedom:  when  ho  ^airl    ur  ^  •  ^•^-iLutsioi 

*-,  ««^  1 »«  4"  "'      "'  '''"•  '"^'^^°^  ""^ 

And  again,  as  he  said  in  his  farewell  address  to  the 
people  o,  the  United  States.     Enjoining  it  on  all  t    adh 
^  the  umon  and  support  the  constitution  as  the  palladium 

e  ervt,  ™  '"'"'8"''""^  ™  'he  first  dawning  of 

e^  ety  attempt  to  sever  the  union  of  the  States,  or  to  afen- 


I 


M 


tion  to  have 
^  and  all! 

friendship 

h  State  in 

!st  way  to 

)rosperity, 

lestimable 

riendship, 

Eiedeemer 

ordained 
n  by  the 
nstituted, 

God  and 
others  do 
irth  with 
reserved 

honored 
ititution, 

ndly  af- 
it,  as  is 
also  by 
ttles  for 
2  for  the 

to  the 
adhere 
ladium 
■espect 
ling  of 
I  alien- 


21 

ate  one  portion  of  our  country  from  the  rest.  To  cultivate 
good  morals  and  respectful  behaviour  towards  each  other. 
Such  a  spirit  of  friendship  or  amity  evinced  to  one 
another,  in  connection  with  the  paramount  desire  to  ad- 
vance the  cause  and  kingdom  of  the  divine  Redeemer  in 
the  hearts  and  lives  of  men,  with  a  view  to  their  temporal 
and  everlasting  happiness  ;  such  a  rule  of  conduct  and  vir- 
tuous course  of  life,  in  the  spirit  of  fraternal  feeling,  and 
exercise  of  christian  charity  ;  will  be  found  to  be  the  most 
sure  and  effectual  way  to  perpetuate  our  glorious  Union, 
preserve  our  admirable  constitution,  with  the  guarantees  of 
national  and  State  rights,  of  civil  and  religious  freedom ; 
as  also  to  secure  the  continued  enjoyment  of  the  bless- 
ings of  divine  Providence.  In  this  way  we  will  maintain 
our  character  as  a  nation — we  will  suppress  unhallowed 
passions — rivalships  and  jealousies  ;  and  show  that  we  are 
capable  of  self-government,  and  of  justly  discriminating 
between  greater  and  lesser  evils!  and  spread  the  fame 
and  glory  of  the  repubhc. 

A  republic,  the  purest,  greatest  and  best  ever  formed  by 
men,  which  in  its  fundamental  principles  and  structure  is 
similar  to  the  Government,  formed  in  divine  wisdom  and 
goodness  among  the  first  chosen  people  of  the  most  high 
on  earth,  and  bears  a  most  striking  resemljlance,  to  the 
ancient  and  pure  commonwealth  of  Israel.  In  which  the 
people  have  the  power,  and  choose  their  representatives 
and  officers  ;  where  liberty  is  founded  in  justice,  reason, 
intelligence  and  law.  Where  the  press  is  free,  know- 
ledge diffused  among  the  people,  crime  is  punished, 
and  virtue  rewarded;  where  every  man  is  protected  in 
his  just  rights,  and  left  free  by  his  reason  to  combat  error 
in  principle  and  practice,  in  poHtics  and  religion,  and 
worship  God  according  to  the  dictates  of  jiis  eonscience. 


Ui 


22 

What  a  sublime  and  interesting  spectacle  does  our  coun- 
try present  in  the  world.  Moving  onward— onward,  in 
freedom,  in  union,  in  wealth,  resources,  literature,  science, 
arts,  numbers,  distinction,  and  unexampled  prosperity  and 
happiness. 

We  may  on  this  returning  Anniversary,  commemorative 
of  our  Independence,  having  as  we  joyously  hope  and  be- 
lieve, passed  a  crisis !  be  indulged,  exultingly  to  exclaim, 
"Excelsior !"  and  adopting  the  sentiment,  with  a  little  va- 
riation in  words,  of  a  distinguished  divine,*  who  was  both 
poet  and  patriot  of  the  revolution,  say : 

"  United,  United  States,  to  higher  glory  arise  ; 
The  Queen  of  the  World,  and  the  child  of  the  skies; 
Thy  genius  commands  thee,  with  rapture  behold, 
While  ages  on  ages,  thy  splendor  unfold  : 
Thy  reign  is  the  last  and  the- noblest  oi  time, 
Most  fruitful  thy  soil,  most  inviting  thy  clime; 
May  the  crimes  of  the  East  ne'er  crimson  thy  name, 
Be  freedom  and  science,  and  virtue  thy  fame." 

Here  in  this  country—man,  whether  native  or  adoptefl ; 
free  l)orn  or  naturalized ;  breathes  free  air.  And  though 
poor,  if  he  has  respect  for  himself,  his  freedom  and  our  in- 
stitutions ;  if  he  is  honest  and  honorable,  industrious,  moral, 
just  and  virtuous  in  his  conduct— is  Nature's  nobleman. 
He  will  get  employment,  and  be  respected  by  others ;  and 
in  common  with  his  Ibllow-citizens,  will  be  protected  by 
the  laws  in  his  rights ;  beneath  the  broad  expanse  of  the 
Tree  of  Liberty,  which  is  spread  over  thirty-one  States; 
reaching  far  along  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Oceans ;  be- 
sides a  vast  territory,  growing,  and  soon  to  be  added  to 
the  glorious  Union,  in  accordance  with  the  Constitution. 

♦  Uev.  Dr.  Dwight,  President  of  New  Haven  College. 


• 


y'i 


i 


Having  had  the  honor  and  pleasure  in  my  curly  boy- 
hood and  school-going  days,  to  spend  part  of  an  afternoon 
in  the  company  of  Gen.  Washington,  on  Long  Island,  pre- 
vious to  his  inauguration  in  the  City  of  New-York  as  the  first 
President  of  our  Republic !  I  remember  well  his  grave, 
majesti  countenance — his  dignified  deportment — his  bland 
and  amiable  manners — his  stately  stepping  and  lofty  bear- 
in"-  in  walking — arrayed  in  his  military  uniform  of  buff  and 
blue — and  towering  above  the  officers  then  with  him  ;  as 
also  his  elegant  appearance  when  mounted  on  horseback, 
being  in  person,  as  was  said,  over  six  feet  high. 

Subsequently,  and  during  my  Collegiate  years  in  Co- 
lumbia College,  N.  Y.,  Gov.  Alexander  Hamilton  made  the 
remark :  "  That  often  as  he  was  with  his  Excellency,  Gen. 
Washington,  he  invariably  felt  a  degree  of  awe  in  his 
presence ;  and  that  this  feeling,  which  was  general,  was 
inspired  because  of  a  deep  sense  entertained  of  Washing- 
ton's greatness,  justness  and  goodness." 

Of  the  same  import,  was  the  remark  of  Gen.  La  Fayette, 
to  me,  on  his  last  visit  to  our  country  as  the  nation's  guest, 
at  the  house  of  Gov.  Tompkins  on  Staten  Island  ;  when  by 
retjuest  of  the  Governor,  the  honor  was  conferred  on  me  of 
delivering  the  salutatory  address  to  Gen.  La  Fayette;  with 
cordial  welcome,  and  congratulations  on  his  safe  arrival 
once  more  in  the  country ;  for  whose  civil  and  religious 
liberties  he  fought  gallantly  in  the  days  of  his  youdi,  by 
the  side  of  our  illustrious  Washington.  On  which  inte- 
resting and  memorable  occasion.  Gen.  La  Fayette  also 
made  the  following,  further  remark : 

"  That  at  the  close  of  the  revolutionary  war,  on  a  visit 
to  Mount  Vernon,  the  seat  of  his  Excellency  Gen.  Wash- 
ington, when  he  saw  Mrs.  Washington — the  mother  of  the 


24 


Gencnil ;  who  was  at  the  time  when  he  got  there,  in  the 
garden,  having  on  her  head  a  large  bonnet  or  hat,  superin- 
tending her  cuhnary  plants  and  vetgetables,  was  received 
most  cordially  and  affectionately  without  undue  ceremony, 
and  then  entertained  by  her  in  the  house  with  instructive 
conversation  :  his  wonder  ceased,  that  Washington,  the 
son  of  such  a  mother,  should  be  so  great  a  patriot— so  pure 
and  great  and  good  a  man." 

And  added,  "if  such  be  the  matrons  of  America;  no 
wonder  that  their  sons  should  be  such  lovers  of  liberty, 
such  distinguished  patriots,  such  illustrious  citizens." 

Having  mentioned  these  reminisences  to  the  late  Gen. 
Taylor  at  Washington,  at  the  time  of  his  inauguration  as 
President  of  the  United  States ;  and  wishing  him  the  bless- 
ing of  the  Almighty  on  his  Presidential  career  !  he  replied 
and  said.  "  My  dear  Sir,  I  thank  you  for  your  good  wishes 
to  me,  and  our  beloved  country.  I  shall  administer  the 
Government  to  the  best  of  my  ability,  after  the  manner  of 

our  dlustrious  Washington;  irrespective  of  party for  the 

good  of  the  country.     And  do  the  best  I  can  for  the  good 
of  all  the  people." 

Now  when  we  contemplate  our  country,  these  United 
States  of  America,  honored  and  blessed  with  so  many  pure 
patriots  and  eminent  citizens— with  Washington  as  chief. 
A  country  which  illustrious  fathers  declared  of  right  were 
and  ought  to  be  free  and  independent;  the  anniversary  of 
which  we  with  millions  are  celebrating  this  day. 

A  country  inliabited  by  people  of  various  ancestry,  and 
united  by  States  of  great  extent,  embracing  various  soils  and 
climes,  each  and  all  sovereign,  with  written  constitutions ; 
under  one  general  and  federal  written  constitution ;  pro- 
tecting the  rights  and  sovereignty  of  each  State,  and  gua- 


35 


ranteeing  the  right,  the  safety  and  happiness  of  all ;  united 
iu  bonds  of  fraternal  friendship  and  love  ! 

Such  a  country,  with  such  a  Government  and  such  a 
republic !  far  surpassing  ancient  Grecian  and  Roman  re- 
publics, as  well  in  the  guarantees  of  liberty  and  excellence 
of  its  institutions,  as  in  wisdom  and  perfection  of  organiza- 
tion !  which  has  endured  three  quarters  of  a  century,  has 
passed  successfully  severe  ordeals  that  have  tested  its 
strcngtli,  and  nobly  triumphed  over  the  shocks  of  war! 
leaving  its  citizens  in  honor,  peace  and  prosperity  !  Shall 
such  a  repul)lican  Government,  the  best  and  noblest  of 
time !  formed  by  the  wisdom,  the  patriotism  and  virtue  of 
illustrious  i^'thers;  be  rent  asunder,  have  its  unity  broken, 
its  beauty  marred  and  destroyed !    God  Ibrbid  it. 

If  such  should  be  the  catastrophe,  the  fiital  event  and 
final  destiny  of  these  United  States,  of  Iree  and  indepen- 
dent America !  then  may  honest  patriots,  true  Americans 
and  Christians  weep  indeed.  Then  would  the  lovers  of 
liberty,  and  the  rights  of  man  throughout  Europe  and  the 
world  weep. 

Then,  methinks,  if  the  sad  tidings  were  borne  by  angels, 
the  ministering  spirits  of  the  most  high ;  to  Washington 
and  the  patriot  sages  and  heroes  of  the  revolution !  great 
would  be  the  wail  of  sorrow,  for  the  severance  and  down- 
fall of  the  American  Republic. 

But  whilst  the  "  earth  bears  a  plant,  and  the  sea  rolls  a 
wave ;"  we  hope  in  the  mercy  and  power  of  God,  the  in- 
telligence, patriotism  and  virtue  of  the  American  people . 
that  such  a  deplorable  event  shall  not  happen.  But  that 
the  Union  of  the  States  shall  be  better  and  better  cemented, 
union  and  harmony  prevail  and  be  perpetuated.  The  con- 
stitution, the  monument  of  the  united  wisdom,  and  admira- 


26 

t  ion  of  tlio  world  stand  and  remnin  like  a  rock  in  the  ocean ; 
unhurt  amid  the  dashing  waves  of  disaffection  and  dis- 
union.    "  So  mote  it  be,"  brother  Americans. 

If  then,  as  enlightened,  free  and  fliithful  Americans;  you 
are  resolved  to  support  a  good  Government— a  Govern- 
ment of  the  people— founded  in  republican  principles  ;  dis- 
tinct from  and  opposed  to  royalty  and  titled  nobility  in 
Church  and  State  ;  won  by  the  valor,  through  divine  lavor, 
and  endeared  bv  the  blood  of  many  precious  lives.     If  you 
are  determined  that  the  Union,  formed  by  our  fathers- 
must   and   shall   be  preserved!       That  the  Constitution 
which  guarantees  your  rights  and  privileges— shall  stand 
an  enduring  monument  of  American  wisdom,  patriotism, 
union  and  virtue  !     And,  if  it  pleases  the  Almighty,  that 
it  shall  not  be  broken— nor  surrendered  to  tyrants,  nor  in- 
sidious political  demagogues ! 

If  as  true  Americans,  who  have  fought  in  defence  of 
liberty,  vour  country  and  its  rights,  as  your  fathers  did 
before  vou,  and  are  left  in  the  full  enjoyment  of  invalua- 
ble privileges  !  let  me  implore  you  to  be  thankful  to  God, 
and  rightly  to  appreciate  your  blessings,  by  living  honora- 
bly, virtuously,  and  usefully  in  the  world.  Above  all  to 
love  God,  who  loved  us,  and  sent  his  son  to  be  the  pro- 
pitiation for  our  sins.     Having  so  loved  us,  we  ought  to  love 

one  anotlier. 

May  the  Spirit  of  Grace  influence  the  hearts  of  the  peo- 
ple, and  excite  them  to  greater  friendship,  love  and  grati- 
tude !  to  the  honor  of  themselves— their  country,  and  the 
preservation  of  their  rights  and  liberties. 

And  as  a  further  means,  to  preserve  the  Union,  and  your 
dear  bought  privileges  ;  and  transmit  them  to  future  gene- 
rations !     Be  advised  freijuently  to  think  and  talk  of- to 


L'7 


c'licrisli  iiiul  Hiippoil  lli(!  senliineiit  oi'  our  b(!lov<'(l  and  iiii- 


f 


i 


f 


luorliil  VVi 


iHlim^Mori,  !iH  <'xpr 


H  <'xt)rcf<scd  in  his  farewfll  address 


to  llic  |)(()|)|('  (A'  Ills  country.  H(3  loved  the  Constitution, 
the  Union,  und  lihcrtics  ot"  the  country,  whoso  army  he  led 
to  victory — \\lios(r  (lOVcnuTicnt  Ik;  administered  with  suc- 
cess ;  for  which  he  periled  his  life,  and  devoted  his  time 
;m(I  tidents.  Discountenance  all  vexatious,  improper  agi- 
tiition  of  ev(;ry  ninttcr,  whether  slavery,  fugitive  law,  or 
whatever  else  ;  conflicting  with  the  Constitution — arraying 
citi/cn  againsi  <'itizcn — and  disturbing  the  peace  and  union 
of  llu;  United  Stat(;H.  The  saying  is  no  less  true  than  old, 
that  '<  United  W(r  stand,  divided  we  fall."  And  that 
tl'cre  }(a.ve  been  (h-signs  to  divide,  in  order  to  conquer  us, 
cannot  bn  donhttul.  Whether  you  are  inhabitants  of  the 
North,  South,  I'/ist  or  West  of  this  great  and  extensive  re- 
public; sn[)|)ort  the  powers  tliat  are  constituted,  and  obey 
the  laws  enaclcul  by  the  legitimate  authority  and  voice  of 
a  Iree  people. 

The  baiuicr  ibat  (iis[)Iays  the  eagle,  the  stripes  and  stars 
of  our  bcdoved  countr} — Iree  and  united  America,;  is  the 
same  throughout  the  Union.  On  this  Hag  is  inscribed  the 
significant  inoM(<,  *'K  Uluribus  Unum."  It  is  the  star- 
spangled  standard  of  the  States,  known  and  honored  by 
the  nations  as  1  he  ensign  of  the  model  republic — the  flag 
of  American  freedom.  United,  under  it — with  the  bles- 
sings of  th(;  (lod  of  our  liithers,  we  shall  rise  higher  and 
higher  in  national  iniportauec ;  be  protected  in  our  rights 
and  iiold  our  liberties  safe  and  secure.  Our  country  re- 
spected abroad,  j)rosperous  and  happy  at  home,  with  Union 
ibr  h(;r  poU;  star — shall  guide  to  the  ultimate  triumph  of 
liberty  over  the  world  ;  and  advancing  in  splendour,  fame 
and  glory  ;  like  the;  sun  in  iIk;  firmament,  shine  Inigliter 
and  brighten"  to  tlu;  perfect  day. 


